Knapps Stage Model Essay Essay Example

Knapps Stage Model Essay Paper Dear John. the drama-filled love affair film. John Tyree. a immature soldier. meets Savannah Curtis. a college pupil on spring interruption. and they rapidly fall in love. The film directed by Lasse Hallstrom. adapted from Nicolas Sparks’ novel of the same name. Dear John showcased many facets of communications in its most simple signifiers. Including the 10 phases of the Knapp Stage Model. which could really be witnessed throughout the Dear John the film and the book. as the two chief characters. John and Savannah. developed their relationship and as they tried to keep their relationship. In the Knapp’s Stage Model. Mark Knapp describes the patterned advance and development of relationships as a series of 10 phases in two stages: the ‘coming together’ . induction is followed by the experimenting. intensifying. integration and bonding phases. In the ‘coming apart’ . the differentiating. circumscribing. stagnating. avoiding and ending phase occu rs. These phases are illustrated in the movie Dear John. In the opening scene of Dear John. it was John’s and Savannah’s first clip meeting. it was attractive force at first sight. We will write a custom essay sample on Knapps Stage Model Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Knapps Stage Model Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Knapps Stage Model Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the dark scene at the beach. they conversed. I would still believe it’s the initiating phase because the content of their conversation. They didn’t ask inquiries with the purpose of cognizing more of each other apart from that one inquiry. ‘’When are you traveling back? † which was instead insouciant. That will sum up the initiating phase. In the ulterior scene. John asked for a day of the month and Savannah agreed. That means they have both passed each other’s trial so there is an experimenting phase. By the manner. John really stayed at the Barbeque till the dark when he mentioned that his pa cooked dinner. Why else would one blow off his pa if it isn’t because he likes the miss? Therefore. that supports my base that they were already attracted to each other at the beach. At the dinner scene. they were started speaking about something more personal. They were doing little talk. The subject of household and John’s yesterye ar came in. These subjects normally wouldn’t be brought up at the initiating phase because they’re excessively personal. I would besides wish to associate to another construct with this scene which is relational demands of openness. If you notice. John wasn’t excessively comfy with the talk to the point he asked â€Å"why do you desire to cognize so much? † He would fall under the sort that closed away to other people. His replies were all one-liners. heterosexual to the point with no farther accounts. In the following scene. when they were walking towards the wooden house. that was another illustration of acquiring to cognize each other through speaking. This ends off the experimenting phase. They have a battle. but reconcile before John’s leave from the ground forces is over. When toilet returns to the ground forces. he and Savannah begin long distance relationship through handwritten letters. The first missive was really clear that Savannah loves John. Previously. John really gave Savannah a note in which the content wasn’t disclosed to the audience till the very terminal of the film. The note said â€Å"I love you† which was why Savannah wrote him. that missive was a answer . Those were revelations of feelings to each other. In that scene. John said â€Å"I made you a promise. didn’t I? † and subsequently. they both agreed to compose to each other all the clip. She was supposed to wait for him for a twelvemonth while he was off in Germany. That was a sense of committedness to the relationship. This will sum up the intensifying phase. The 4th phase is incorporating. This point is instead straightforward. It’s the turning point whereby the twosome announces to their friends and household that they are a twosome. In this instance. you could see John being introduced to Savannah’s parents. Couples do non ever follow purely to the theoretical account. Stairss could be jumped or revisited once more. Sadly. there was no 5th phase ( Bonding – matrimony. battle ) for this brace in the film. Conflicts arise because of different perceptual experiences ; it is besides illustrated in this film. There was a active scene at the terrace and it was because John wanted to widen his circuit with the ground forces but Savannah did non desire to wait for another two old ages. So after a long clip apart. John and Savannah find themselves floating apart and resigned to being apart from John. and Savannah sends a ‘D ear John’ missive stating him that she has become engaged to person else. John eventually got a missive from Savannah which she initiated a interruption up. Break ups are due to many possible factors. in their instance. alterations. hapless communicating and unrealistic outlooks. Changes referred to the immense alterations they went through from the two hebdomads of summer interruption together to being 1000 stat mis apart. Next. hapless communicating. I think this might be the least conducive factor. Even though. letters took hebdomads or months to make each other. their letters were filled with words. They told each other everything about their lives so it wasn’t a instance of floating apart. Last. it is the factor I think contributed the most likely which is an unrealistic outlook. Long distance relationships are difficult plenty and a individual can merely take it for so long. The first twelvemonth was all right but when John added two more old ages onto the heap. it was excessively difficult for Savannah to take. Although John’s and Sava nnah’s falling out they finally came together as friends. particularly when John’s male parent is on his decease bed. John returns place and connects with his male parent. something he was non able to make before. John so sells his father’s coin aggregation to fund Savannah’s husband’s malignant neoplastic disease intervention. In the last scene of the movie. John sees Savannah on the street and they embrace. The film may non showcase every bit much inside informations ; nevertheless it does demo the importance of communicating in a relationship. For illustration. Savannah chooses to compose a missive to John to interrupt the intelligence of her battle. alternatively of naming him. it shows that it is already a mark Doctor of Optometry avoiding the issue straight. A handwritten missive is a additive signifier of communicating. as John is non given a opportunity to answer instantly. If you were in John’s place. and you received a similar missive about your partner’s battle. would you travel back place to contend for what you want. or would you be ‘John’ . and merely bury yourself with work? Hopefully. now you have a better apprehension of the Knap p’s theoretical account and see how it fits into every relationship!

Aqua Culture in the US essays

Aqua Culture in the US essays The USs problem is simple. Our fish numbers are dwindling due to an array of factors. First off, our rivers, streams and oceans have been fished since Eric the Red and the Vikings were here. Our water supplies have almost been stripped bare from what the supply of good, adult sized fish used to be. Over fishing has been compensated by strict government standards on how much poundage of fish can be taken each day, and year from the US waters. (Boston Globe, 2002) Since the government has been putting strict standards on how much fish can be taken in each day, they should also be held accountable on helping out the fishing industry financially. For the longest time, people who lived off of the ocean took in as much fish as humanly possible in a day. (Boston Globe, 2001) This was ok, until mechanization came about. The oceans were becoming depleted faster each day. The money the government should give, is money just to start an aquaculture program to help the fish numbers to get up, or, to give the fish farmers their desired amount of fish to sell to companies and stores. Pollution is also a big factor in the dwindling amounts of fish in the US waters. Supposedly the government should be regulating and taking care of companies who pollute the waters. Obviously not enough has been done to curve the amount of pollution killing off our fish population. The blame can be placed solely on the US government. They should pay a lot of attention to the water pollution, since its tough to keep the water we have left, clean water. For this, the government should also help pay for aquaculture projects. The government can get their money for the projects from a variety of sources. First off, they can take some money from the armed forces. There is so much money being pumped into the army right now, its ridiculous. I doubt the US needs the amount of planes, tanks and ammo it has, just to stay a superpower in the world. ...

USS Nebraska (BB-14) in the Great White Fleet

USS Nebraska (BB-14) in the Great White Fleet USS Nebraska (BB-14) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Battleship Shipyard: Moran Brothers, Seattle, WA Laid Down: July 4, 1902 Launched: October 7, 1904 Commissioned: July 1, 1907 Fate: Sold for Scrap, 1923 USS Nebraska (BB-14) - Specifications: Displacement: 16,094 tons Length: 441 ft., 3 in. Beam: 76 ft., 2 in. Draft: 25 ft., 10 in. Propulsion: 12 Ãâ€" Babcock boilers, 2 Ãâ€" triple-expansion engines, 2 Ãâ€" propellers Speed: 19 knots Complement: 1,108 men Armament: 4 Ãâ€" 12 in./40 cal guns8 Ãâ€" 8 in./45 cal guns12 Ãâ€" 6-inch guns11 Ãâ€" 3-inch guns24 Ãâ€" 1 pdr guns4 Ãâ€" 0.30 in. machine guns4 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes USS Nebraska (BB-13) - Design Construction: Laid down in 1901 and 1902, the five battleships of the Virginia-class were meant as successors to the Maine-class (USS Maine, USS Missouri, and USS Ohio) which was then entering service. Though conceived as the US Navys latest design, the new battleships saw a return to some features that had not been employed since the earlier Kearsarge-class (USS Kearsarge and USS ). These included the use of 8-in. guns as a secondary armament and the locating of two 8-in. turrets on top of the vessels 12-in. turrets. Supplementing the Virginia-class main battery of four 12 in. guns were eight 8-in., twelve 6-in., twelve 3-in., and twenty-four 1-pdr guns. In a shift from previous classes of battleships, the new design utilized Krupp armor instead of the Harvey armor that had been placed on earlier vessels. Propulsion for the Virginia-class came from twelve Babcock boilers which powered two vertical inverted triple expansion reciprocating steam engines. The second ship of the class, USS Nebraska (BB-14) was laid down at Moran Brothers in Seattle, WA on July 4, 1902. Work on the hull moved forward over the next two years and on October 7, 1904, it slid down the ways with Mary N. Mickey, daughter of Nebraska Governor John H. Mickey, serving as sponsor. Another two and a half years passed before construction on Nebraska ended. Commissioned on July 1, 1907, Captain Reginald F. Nicholson took command. The next several months saw the new battleship conduct its shakedown cruise and trials on the West Coast. Completing these, it re-entered the yard for repairs and modifications before resuming operations in the Pacific. USS Nebraska (BB-14) - Great White Fleet: In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt became increasingly concerned about the US Navys lack of power in the Pacific due to the growing threat posed by Japan. To impress upon the Japanese that the United States could move its battle fleet to the Pacific with ease, he began planning a world cruise of the nations battleships. Designated the Great White Fleet, the Atlantic Fleets battleships steamed from Hampton Roads on December 16, 1907. The fleet then moved south making visits in Brazil before passing through the Straits of Magellan. Steering north, the fleet, led by Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, arrived at San Francisco on May 6. While there, a decision was made to detach USS (BB-8) and Maine due to their abnormally high coal consumption. In their place, USS (BB-9) and Nebraska were assigned to the fleet, now led by Rear Admiral Charles Sperry. Assigned to the fleets Second Division, First Squadron, this group also contained Nebraskas sister ships USS Georgia (BB-15), USS (BB-16), and USS (BB-17). Departing the West Coast, the battleship and it consorts transited the Pacific to Hawaii before reaching New Zealand and Australia in August. After taking part in festive port calls, the fleet steered north for the Philippines, Japan, and China. Finishing visits in these countries, the American battleships crossed the Indian Ocean before passing through the Suez Canal and entering the Mediterranean. Here the fleet split to make visits in several nations. Moving west, Nebraska called at Messina and Naples before rejoining the fleet at Gibraltar. Crossing the Atlantic, the battleship arrived at Hampton Roads on February 22, 1909, where it was greeted by Roosevelt. Having completed its world cruise, Nebraska underwent brief repairs and had a cage foremast installed before rejoining the Atlantic Fleet. USS Nebraska (BB-14) - Later Service: Attending Fulton-Hudson Celebration in New York later in 1909, Nebraska entered the yard the following spring and received a second cage mast aft. Resuming active duty, the battleship took part in the Louisiana Centennial in 1912. As tensions increased with Mexico, Nebraska moved to aid American operations in that area. In 1914, it supported the US occupation of Veracruz. Performing well in this mission during 1914 and 1916, Nebraska was awarded the Mexican Service Medal. Obsolete by modern standards, the battleship returned to the United States and was placed in reserve. With the countrys entrance into World War I in April 1917, Nebraska returned to active duty. At Boston when hostilities commenced, Nebraska joined the 3rd Division, Battleship Force, Atlantic Fleet. For the next year, the battleship operated along the East Coast training armed guard crews for merchant vessels and conducting maneuvers. On May 16, 1918, Nebraska embarked the body Carlos DePena, the late ambassador of Uruguay, for transport home. After arriving in Montevideo on June 10, the ambassadors body was transferred to the Uruguayan government. Returning home, Nebraska reached Hampton Roads on July and began preparing to serve as a convoy escort. On September 17, the battleship departed to escort its first convoy across the Atlantic. It completed two similar missions before the wars end in November. Refitting in December, Nebraska was converted into a temporary troopship to assist in bringing American soldiers back from Europe. Conducting four voyages to and from Brest, France, the battleship transported 4,540 men home. Completing this duty in June 1919, Nebraska departed for service with the Pacific Fleet. It operated along the West Coast for the next year until being decommissioned on July 2, 1920. Placed in reserve, Nebraska was rendered incapable of war service following the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty. In late 1923, the aging battleship was sold for scrap. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Nebraska (BB-14)NHHC: USS Nebraska (BB-14)NavSource: USS Nebraska (BB-14)

Compare Champion of the World (Angelou) and Fish Cheeks (Tan) Essay

Compare Champion of the World (Angelou) and Fish Cheeks (Tan) - Essay Example Maya Angelou has the historical issue of racism before her that baffles satisfactory solution and she articulates discrimination suffered by the African Americans and as such she uses narration to depict her sense of isolation from the dominant culture. Amy Tan employs the method of description to highlight the issue of generation gap and the discrimination which relates to the fascination of the young and not to the ground realities related to the Chinese versus American cultures. Both the authors articulate the issues about those who feel like aliens in principally white America. Angelou encounters and holds her differences as a child. Tan is chagrined of her culture until later in life when realization dawns on her that her exclusivity is an issue for celebration. It is not to be pitied or condemned. Angelou’s skin color made her dissimilar from the rest of the principal culture. As a young African American girl living in pre-civil rights era, Angelou dealt with discrimination without intermission and it was part of everyday lives of the black people. Rape, abuse and lynching took place in the ordinary course and yet they were full of pride for their culture. Some of them were outstanding like Joe Louis, a black boxer, who challenged a white man in a heavyweight boxing competition of the world. The contest was watched by one and all of the Black Americans. Maya Angelou describes the bout-eve scenario thus: â€Å"The last inch of space was filled, ye t people continued to wedge themselves along the walls of the store† (p.112). This indicates that the Black Americans, who were isolated from the mainstream society, were thrilled to find their man getting space and recognition and he was being watched on the television by millions. Their isolated spirit was beginning to get recognition by the society. When he wins the contest, the reaction of Angelou is obvious. She is inflated with pride and her original conviction about the greatness of the

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different techniques for Essay - 5

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Essay Example The essence of any system is to maximize on the output and reduce the amount resources gathered to enhance the system. The easy will focus on details of different sources of water collections and recommend on an effective plan to utilize in the Nubian Desert. The focus will be on Nubian Desert. Covering an Area of more than 400,000 Square kilometres, the region remains venerable to water shortage. The arid region is bordered by the large Sahara desert. It has a minimal rainfall of 125mm per year. The desert is located in Sudan North-East part of Africa (world atlas, n.d ). In this model, underground water reserves are exploited and utilized in various ways. The common method of harvesting underground water is through boreholes. Different sites are set and underground water utilized for both domestic and agricultural purposes. The technique requires technical knowhow at the initial stages. This means locating sites to be drilled. After a site is located, the drilling process begins. During this process, both mechanical and human power is required. Limits spaces are need as the size of a borehole is smaller compared to other forms of water harvesting. The availability of this resource will determine the life of the borehole (Thangarajan et al, 2002). Some arid areas experience limited amounts of rainfall per year. With the right mechanism, the water could be collected and used for both agricultural and domestic purposes. In analyzing this aspect, hill slope dams are required. Rainwater is collected down rock hill slopes. Gravity is what is needed to collect water and be pumped into storage tanks. The technique requires a large surface area as water from the hill tops need to be collected over a wider area compared to borehole drilling where a small excavation of the earth is done. The hill slopes dam could only be effective in regions with limited amount of rainfall. In most arid areas, they hardly

Pizza Hut Case Study Essay Example for Free

Pizza Hut Case Study Essay Create awareness for the introduction of the new pizza crust ‘Freshizza’, highlighting FRESHNESS of the dough as a key ingredient for a perfect pizza. Situation Analysis Each Pizza Hut restaurant prepares fresh dough several times a day on premise, unlike competing brands whose stores receive crusts from a few central commissaries making the dough older by 1- 2 days. This fact had not been leveraged by Pizza Hut in the past. In the course of product development, Pizza Hut had commissioned research to evaluate the proposition of ‘Fresh’ among consumer focus groups. The key findings here revealed that ‘Freshness’ in the context of Indian bread (chappati’s) implied kneading fresh dough daily. Consumers preferred chappati’s made from freshly kneaded dough as they were softer and tastier than those made from two day old dough. This was unlike the perception on pizza’s where ‘Freshness’ was only understood as a piping hot pizza. Strategy The PR programme decided to use both the insights gained from the commissioned research, to present an all new pizza crust and focus on leveraging editorial opportunities to create awareness for freshness and differentiate the product on taste. In order to add credibility to product claims and influence media on the freshness of the product, PR Pundit considered it vital to get a leading food critique to endorse the product. Through dialogue and product sampling, the PR programme earned the support of India’s leading food writer Rashmi Uday Singh, a lady whose name is synonymous with good food in India, to demonstrate the freshness of the Pizza Hut’s pizzas, through a unique ‘Freshizza Cookery Show’. The Challenge The challenge was to garner media support to create awareness for freshness and differentiate the product on taste. CASE STUDIES Execution Tactics. The PR Campaign was conceptualised to create a dramatic launch to highlight the freshness of the product, while subtly suggesting that the competition’s product is not so fresh. The PR Plan rolled out with a cookery show and food sampling at New Delhi’s oldest Pizza Hut, which received nationwide media coverage. The programme was extended to the keenly competitive markets of Chennai, Bangalore and Mumbai. In Chennai and Bangalore a photo call was created with the in-store presence of local celebrities to launch Freshizza, while senior management addressed the media on the process followed at each restaurant to prepare fresh dough for pizza’s. The Mumbai launch was timed to coincide with the introduction of the television commercial (TVC) featuring one of India’s top model – Malaika Arora Khan. Consumer media was invited for a preview of the TVC and to the restructured cookery show ‘Get Fresh with Malaika’ featuring the top model and Rashmi Uday Singh at a local Pizza Hut. This resulted in yet another nation wide photo opportunity. In Kolkata and Pune, consumer and city press were invited to sample the new crust, while a press release with attractive product pictures was issued in Hyderabad and Chandigarh. HINDUSTAN TIMES ECONOMIC TIMES CASE STUDIES DIVYA BHASKAR The ‘Freshizza Cookery Show’ was fashioned to demonstrate the freshness of the pizza crusts from Pizza Hut in the form of a cookery show. The delightful repartee of actor Zayed Khan (Bollywood celebrity and brand ambassador of Pizza Hut) and food writer Rashmi Uday Singh was appreciated for its uniqueness and provided a live and interactive demonstration of the dough preparation process – from the blending stage to the final pizza making for the media. The sight of the duo rolling out fresh pizza crusts made for a perfect photo opportunity. Freshly baked Freshizza’s were served to the media for sampling In Mumbai too, the entire dough making process was recreated with the new face of the Freshizza campaign -Malaika Arora Khan paired with food writer Rashmi Uday Singh on the ‘Get Fresh with Malaika Show’. The launch was followed up by special Freshizza deliveries to key media offices to ensure broadest possible reach. Results and Impact. The launch events at the four major cities of the country received an enthusiastic response from nearly 150 journalists. The photo opportunity made it possible for product and brand to be carried across all major print, electronic and online media in India. In less than two months of the launch, one out of every four customers at Pizza Hut had tried out Freshizza, i. e. almost half a million customers have already sampled the product and the growth of sales grew by about 12–15 per cent per restaurant.

Save the Last Dance Essay -- Art

Save the Last Dance This movie was off the hook! First of all, these are the type of movies that should be known to mankind. Save the Last Dance, is a blend of love and romance with a little piece of hate crimes, racism, and of course most definitely violence. Well to tell you the truth, most of the people don’t like love and romance. Save the Last Dance is a nice blending of a little piece of everything so it can entertain the people with different likes and dislikes. Even the people who don’t like these types of movies would be interested in the movie Save the Last Dance. The name of the movie can leave the viewer in suspense. Just think of it as a phrase, Save the Last Dance. The theme of this movie is plain and simple. Sarah is trying to peruse her dream, which is to try to get accepted into Julliard. She kept on trying and trying until the end. She finally impressed the judges and made him say â€Å"Welcome to Julliard.† The movie is basically trying to tell you that you should never give up, no matter how hard you try. If at first you don’t succeed at what you want to do, try try again. If you give up, then you should look in the mirror and say â€Å"I am a quitter.† The characters of this movie are: Derrick Reynald (Chennile’s brother), Chennile Reynald (Derrick’s sister), Niki (Chennile’s friend), Malachi (Derrick’s homeboy), Roy (Sarah’s dad), Momma D (Derrick and Chennile’s grandmother), Kenny (Chile’s boyfriend), Snookie (a wannabe thug), and last but definitely...

Decision Making Model Essay

These different decision making models are approaches the problem of consumer decision making differently. The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model is essentially a conscious problem solving and learning model of consumer behaviour. This model has a good description of active information seeking and evaluation processes of consumer. The information processed in this model is the stimulus. The consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s decision processes act upon this stimulus in order to determine a response to it. These models attempt to explain each stage and show interrelated between the stages of consumer buyer behaviour from the stimulus, through the purchase to post purchase behaviour. The Howard-Sheth model (1969) is a learning model designed to explain the brand choice of an individual faced with several choice alternatives. This model is an attempt to explain rational brand choice behaviour within the constraints of limited individual capacities and incomplete information. This model can divided roughly into four fundamental parts- (1) stimulus input variables, (2) exogenous variables, (3) sequential output variables, and (4) the  ¡Ã‚ §internal state of buyer. ¡Ã‚ ¨ However, the limitation of this model is that it has little practical value for marketing practitioners. The two major advantages of the Howard-Sheth model are following: (i) It has been partially tested empirically, thus establishing some credibility for the model (ii) The model is also a dynamic model Overall the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model provides more comprehensive and accurate comparison with Howard-Sheth model. The two models are similar in as much as they both propose a rational consumer, but one who is prepared to satisfies where appropriate. The environmental influences of the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model compare directly to the exogenous variables as outlined in the explanation of Howard-Sheth model. Another famous consumer behaviour model is Nicosia model (1966). Francesco Nicosia was one of the first consumer behaviour modelers to shift focus from the act of purchase itself to the more complex decision process that consumers engage in about products and services. This model is characterized as a communications model that begins with a firm ¡Ã‚ ¦s communication to the consumer via advertising and culminates with consumer feedback to the firm.  This model contains four major components or fields: (1) the firm ¡Ã‚ ¦s attributes and outputs or communications and the consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s psychological attributes, (2) the consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s search for and evaluation of the firm ¡Ã‚ ¦s output and other available alternatives, (3) the consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s motivated act of purchase, and (4) the consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s storage or use of the product. Francesco Nicosia assumes that the consumer is seeking to fulfilled specific goals and that initially there is no history between the consumer and the firm, so no positive or negative predispositions toward the firm exist in the consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind. There are some limitations in Nicosia model which include an inadequate understanding of the influence and interrelationships among the consumer attributes represented by Subfield and the questionable assumption that no prior consumer knowledge or experience with the product exists.

Engineering Notebook – How to Keep One

That means, Write EVERYTHING Down, even include a dentist appointment; that's what helps make it a believable Legal Document and suitable for assessment purposes (and believe it or not patent applications too! ). So, keep the notebook up to date and have it Witnessed often by those whom you, report to and understand your work. Also, it can jog the old memory and reduce the number of times you do the same tests. â€Å"†¦ mmmm I’m sure I’ve already done that?†¦ † Of course, It won't Hurt when Final Reports are Due either! Here's How: ) Use a Bound (stitched binding) notebook. DO NOT use a loose leaf or Spiral bound notebook! 2) Entries Should be in Permanent Ink–Not Pencil. 3) The Title, unit Number, date and Book Number (should you need more than one! ) should be accurately recorded when starting a New Page. 4) All data is to be recorded directly into the notebook. The inclusion of all elaborate details is preferable. Notes and calculations should be done in the notebook, NOT on loose paper. In the case of an error, draw a single line through the incorrect data. Do Not Erase or use correction fluid. All corrections should be initialled and dated. 5) In the case where you have used CAD or computer simulation to provide evidence then this should be stored in a folder BUT referred to and cross referenced (using consistent format of date / time / names etc. ) in your notebook 6) After entering your data / design ideas / calculations etc. , sign and date all entries. Witness or witnesses should sign and date each entry too. The witness must observe the work that is done, and have sufficient knowledge to understand what they read. Names of those present during any demonstration should also be recorded. 7) Use Both sides of a Page and Never leave any White Space: â€Å"X† out or Crosshatch all unused space, and don't forget to initial & date the crossing out!. 8) All contents of the notebook / folder should be kept secure & safe. It should be kept in a SAFE place to safeguard against Loss. [The website shown below is full of ideas about design, electronics and tips – but done in an easy to read anecdotal and often humorous way]

Entrepreneurship The WritePass Journal

Entrepreneurship Introduction Entrepreneurship ). Economic factors also directly affect entrepreneurship. Success of a entrepreneur or enterprise in any country greatly depends on the economic conditions that characterize it. These comprise of GDP and GDP growth rates, price stability (inflation), foreign exchange and interest rates, among others (Murray-Webster, 2010). Likewise, business strategies are formulated from economic conditions that prevail in an economy. For instance, if the interest rates on loans have a direct effect on an organization’s cost of capital (Williamson et al., 2013). Therefore, it affects the entrepreneur’s decisions on accessing credit facilities and expanding. Foreign exchange rates have a direct impact on companies in the import or export businesses or multinationals operating in economies that are not their home countries. In the external business environment, social factors include aspects like culture, the size and growth rate of the population, religion and demographic aspects like age and gender distributions (Morschett et al., 2005). Social factors have an impact on demand patterns of products and services. Because companies cannot adjust the social compositions and trend in the market, the strategy that can be used is the adjustment of goods, services or management styles to match the tastes and preferences dictated by the social patterns (Lussier, 2011). For instance, if an economy’s population is highly diversified, companies should ensure that they hire an inclusive workforce (Hongjun Yajia, 2012). Technological factors can also facilitate or challenge entrepreneurship. These include research and development capabilities, automation of operations, communication and distribution technologies (Cadle et al., 2010). The technological aspect of the external business environment has an impact on several areas of operation in the organization and therefore is among the key areas of reference in the formulation of success strategies. Murray-Webster (2010) argues that they determine market entry barriers, innovation capabilities and also labour costs. It has been argued by some researchers that legal factors or the external business analysis are closely related to political factors because laws and regulations are formulated by political leadership (Murray-Webster, 2010). Legal factors include laws that regulate employment, health and safety, discrimination and consumer protection. The level of maturation or of an economy’s legal systems also affects the operation of companies (Grant, 2013). For instance, legal systems that are not mature may have loopholes that allow vices like corruption and bribery, which lead to an imbalanced competitive environment for entrepreneurs, which may adversely affect their success. Opportunities for Entrepreneurs Even with the current status competition in the UK business environment, there are still opportunities for innovative entrepreneurs in the business to expand and strengthen their brand positions (CABI, 2009). One characteristic of entrepreneurship is that it is applicable across all industries not only in the UK, but all over the globe. However, entrepreneurs must note that to succeed in this competitive industry, they need to market themselves through implementing innovative ideas that are relevant and competitive enough in whichever industry they are targeting. In addition to this, they must also market themselves through many available avenues so as to attract a wide range of customers (Shone Parry, 2010). The increased globalization that is taking root in the global market also provides opportunities for entrepreneurs to reach a wider global audience with their ideas. Increased competition levels across industries have cause companies to intensify their promotional activities th rough events to increase public awareness. With a focus on the events’ industry, many entrepreneurial opportunities are presented. For instance, there is an increase in levels of diversity in the UK (CABI, 2009). For this reason, there are different religious, ceremonial, and cultural art events being held by member of different cultural backgrounds across the UK. These events seek services of event managers to run successfully. By either specializing in offering services for a certain cultural group of offering services across the board, event managers have a big opportunity for growth (Bratton Gold, 2012). There is also an increase in the number of weddings, anniversary and birthday celebrations. Event companies that provide excellent services and effectively market themselves through the traditional and modern mediums have an opportunity of capturing a large market share in the UK. One of the successful companies in the UK is Theeventscompoany (Theeventscompany, 2013), which is based in the midlands and provides ev ent services in the United Kingdom and European countries. Success of this company has been attained by providing a wide range of corporate event management services that include corporate entertainment events, company fun days, conference management, themed events and gala dinners and other promotional events. Another successful company in the UK events industry is the Absolute Perfection Wedding Consultancy, which has focused on provision of wedding event management (Absolute Perfecttion, 2013). Even with the relatively high number of event companies across the UK that increase the bargaining power of buyers, the increasing market demand provides an opportunity for new companies to enter the UK market. However, successful entry and development of a competitive edge against the current market players requires heavy investment in equipment, marketing and hiring of qualified staff members in the organization. Creativity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship The current business environment is characterized by several dynamics that have made organizations change their approaches to business issues. To thrive in the present day corporate environment, entrepreneurs are increasingly recognizing the need of incorporating creativity in their day-to-day activities (Cooke et al., 2012). Creativity is the process through which new ideas or alternatives for solving different issues are generated. Implementation of these ideas is referred to as innovation. According to Andriopoulos and Lowe (2000), business entities are categorized as being creative if they get their main income by generating novel ideas that are appropriate in tackling the needs of their target clients. There are several entrepreneurs whose businesses or companies have prospered by embracing creativity and creating a work environment that nurtures innovation. These companies include Google, Facebook, apple and Microsoft. Among ways in which companies are transforming towards bein g more creative is the elimination of hierarchical barriers that slow down the communication process and response to change. Eardley and Uden (2011) posit that hierarchical management structures are based on the notion that the management is supposed to create control, certainty and predictability. Even though bureaucracy has its advantages, the current business environment requires organizations to be flexible and ready to face unpredictable situations. This can only be achieved by encouraging creativity. As opposed to earlier times when competition between companies that offer the same service or product to clients was mostly based on price, creativity has also become an important aspect of competition. Creativity has been incorporated in advertising and other promotional techniques, product design, pricing strategies and distribution which are the key components of marketing (Slater et al., 2010). Even though creativity and innovation is essential for survival in the current busi ness environment, there are several setbacks that are associated with it. For instance, creativity involves taking risks with no certainty of a positive outcome. This is one of the reasons that make certain organizations to stick to hierarchical structures (Andriopoulos Dawson, 2009). Theories in Entrepreneurship and their applicability in Event Management Event management is the utilization of a wide range of management skills in creation, organization and development of different types of events. Events can be categorized into four major classifications. These are leisure events, personal events, cultural events and organizational events (Bratton Gold, 2012). In order to ensure that events are successful, event managers have to consider several aspects before, during and after events. Just like other industries in the wider business environment, success in the event management business also depends on the entrepreneurial skills of the owners. With the gradually increasing interest of researchers in the subject of entrepreneurship, several theoretical models that can be used to obtain a deeper understanding have been suggested. One of these theories is the path dependence theory (Zumbansen Calliess, 2011). The path dependence theory states that decisions that are to be made about the choice of a product or service depend on previous experiences with it. This remains the case even when newer and improved versions of services or products are availed in the market. Path dependence results from the fact that it is easier and cost effective to continue with the use of certain products and services (an already-set path) that to create another path that is entirely new and unknown (Magnusson Ottosson, 2009). With reference to this, entrepreneurs in the event management business need to ensure that they provide customers with satisfactory services that will make them return in case subsequent event needs. By carrying out post-ev ent analysis, this theory is also applicable in selection of suppliers for the event company. Even though this theory holds true to a certain level, it is also true that when companies that offer better event management services enter the market, customers can shift from their original event management service suppliers. It is also argued by scholar that the historical determinisms in the path-dependence theory are prone to disruptions from that occur as a result of the dynamism in the present-day economic environment and industrial evolution (Dobusch Kapeller, 2013). There also the cultural dimensions’ theory that can be used in relation to entrepreneurship. According to Hofstede (2001), the institutional and cultural background of the entrepreneur determines various attributes including the ability to take risks and avid uncertainty. For instance, Hofstede’s model (1980, 2005) some cultures nurture individuals to have high uncertainty avoidance index as compared to others. This influences the willingness to take risks among managers, entrepreneurs and employees. For instance, his studies find the Chinese as being largely influenced by the Confucianism culture, which has the philosophy that what is bound to happen is inevitable; this culture is what the Chinese use to handle uncertainties. The Chinese are, therefore, not used to many rules and regulations, managers are more willing to engage in risks. In other studies Hofstede (2005) established a higher uncertainty avoidance index among the German people as compare to the British. According to Perks and Ricarda (2005), the factors of uncertainty avoidance and risk taking which are influenced by culture, affect entrepreneurship and, especially serial entrepreneurship which determines the ability to acquire new ventures and come up with new innovative business ideas. Another theory that is relevant to entrepreneurs in the event management business is the narrative theory, which is about how effectively organizations market themselves to their target markets (Goodson, 2012). For companies to successfully appeal to their target audience, they have to say something unique about themselves in their promotions, mission statements and vision statements. For event companies, this can be achieved by mentioning their points of strength or areas of specialization (Makkonen et al., 2012). Critics of the universal theory argue that its applicability is limited to communication styles that fit classic narrative patterns (Herman et al., 2012). Conclusion The current state of dynamism that characterises the present-day business environment has increased the need of entrepreneurship. As earlier defined in the paper, an entrepreneur is an individual who has the courage and will to venture into uncertain business ventures, regardless of the risks that are presented. Based on this, there are different challenges and opportunities that entrepreneurs are faced with. This paper has discussed these challenges and opportunities, and also provided recommendations on how entrepreneurs can avoid the challenges that they are exposed to. Macroeconomic factors that affect entrepreneurship have also been discussed in this paper. This report has also provided an overview of the events management industry that has discussed and the applicability of entrepreneurial theories on the industry. Opportunities include expansion to the global markets and different avenues in which event management services are needed. Theories that can be applicable to the eve nts industry have also been discussed in this paper. In addition to explaining their relevance to the event management industry, criticisms of these theories have also been presented. Whilst several points have been presented in this paper, future research could be beneficial to practice by establishing the gaps that exist between entrepreneurship theory and practice. References Absolute Perfecttion, 2013. About Us. [Online] Available at:  Ã‚   absoluteperfection.co.uk/weddings.html   [Accessed 9 December 2013]. Andriopoulos, C. Dawson, P., 2009. Managing Change, Creativity and Innovation. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Andriopoulos, C. Lowe, A., 2000. Enhancing organisational creativity: the process of perpetual challenging. Management Decision, 38(10), pp.734-42. Bratton, J. Gold, J., 2012. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice (5th edition). London: Palgrave. Burns, P., 2007. Entrepreneurship in Small Business. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. CABI, 2009. People and Work in Events and Conventions: A Research Perspective. Oxfordshire: CABI. Cadle, J., Paul, ‎. Turner, P‎., 2010. Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. Chippenham: BCS, The Chartered Institute. CIMA, 2007. Strategic Analysis Tools. [Online] Available at: cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_strategic_analysis_tools_nov07.pdf.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2013]. 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Developing narrative theory: Life histories and personal representation. New Jersey: Routledge. Grant, R.M., 2013. Contemporary strategy analysis and cases: text and cases. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Henry, A., 2012. Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Henry, C. Bruin, ‎.d., 2011. Entrepreneurship and the Creative Economy: Process, Practice and Policy. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. Herman, D. et al., 2012. Narrative Theory: Core Concepts and Critical Debates. Ohio: The Ohio State University Press. Holl, R. Bà ¶hm, S., 2005. Zero Base Budgeting Using the Balanced Scorecard. Marienstrasse: GRIN Verlag. Hongjun, L. Yajia, G., 2012. Study on Chain Companies Human Resources Management. Information and Business Intelligence, 267, pp.227-32. Kumar, S.A., 2008. Entrepreneurship Development. New Delhi: New age International. Lussier, R.N., 2011. Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Mason: Cengage Learning. Magnusson, L. Ottosson, J‎., 2009. The Evolution of Path Dependence. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. Magnusson, L. Ottosson, J‎., 2009. The Evolution of Path Dependence. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. Makkonen, H., Aarikka-Stenroos, L. Olkkonen, R., 2012. Narrative approach in business network process research- Implications for theory and methodology. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(2), pp.287-99. Morschett, D., Swoboda, B. Schramm-Klein, H., 2005. Competitive strategies in retailing an investigation of the applicability of Porters framework for food retailers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 13(4), pp.275-87. Murray-Webster, ‎R., 2010. Management of risk: guidance for practitioners. Norfolk: TSO Shop. Sergey, A., Dietmar, G. Robert, D.H., 2005. The Journey from Novice to Serial Entrepreneurship in China and Germany: Are the Drivers the Same? Managing Global Transitions, 6(2), pp.117-42. Shone, A. Parry, B., 2010. Successful Event Management. Thompson Learning. 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A Summary Of Utilitarianism Philosophy Essay

A Summary Of Utilitarianism Philosophy Essay Utilitarianism, also known as the â€Å"English common sense philosophy† dominated the Western world during most of the nineteenth century. Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that places the seed of right and wrong solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies, hence also sometimes referred to as â€Å"the Consequentialism†. The history of this theory dates back to its true pioneer Jeremy Bentham ( 1748-1832) who gave rise to a new concept in hedonism: The Social Hedonism which was quite different from the Hedonistic doctrines of Aristipppus and Epicurus who are considered to be the fathers of Hedonistic school of thought. Bentham ; the common-sense British thinker is largely held responsible for the shift from † egoistic (individualistic) hedonism to the Universalistic( social ) hedonism. He declared in his book † Introduction to the Principles and morals and Legislation† that all mankind is ruled by two basic masters; namely PAIN and PLEASURE and that all human race is busy in the so-called rat-race of the pursuit of pleasure and the disapproval of pain.He also asserts that good can be equated with pleasure and evil with pain. Here comes in the big question that† How should pleasures be graded as far as preference is concerned?† Whether one should go for ‘short-term and intense’ pleasures or ‘ long-term and mild pleasure’ take precedence over the former. He therefore came up with a detailed outline of principles regarding the preferences of pleasures in his â€Å"Hedonic Calculus†. According to Bentham’s calculus, he emphasized the significance of seven â€Å"circumstances† in order to determine the value of any action, hence presented a criteria for the preference of pleasures influenced by following major factors: Intensity: of the pleasure or pain that results Duration: of either of the two Certainity: The confirmation that pleasant event will be occurring. Promptness : The nearness of the pleasant event. Fecundity: Its ability to reproduce( lead to) more pleasure. Purity: freedom from either present or future. Extent: characterized by the number of people affected by the action John Stuart Mill(1806-1873) adjusted the more hedonistic tendencies in Bentham’s philosophy by emphasizing that it is not infact the quantity of pleasure, but the quality of happiness that is central to utilitarianism. He further argued that pleasure couldn’t be quantified as stated by Bentham and can only be measured in terms of quality only. Mill advocates his rationality of ideas in the following famous words: â€Å"It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better Socrates disstatisfied than a fool satisfied† The implification of this advancement by Mill lead to a belief that the calculus is unreasonable — (there is a distinction between ‘higherâ⠂¬â„¢ and ‘lower’ pleasures). According to Mill, utilitarianism now refers to â€Å"the Greatest Happiness Principle† – GHP. it seeks to promote the capability of achieving happiness (higher pleasures) for the maximum number of people. The Maxim holds as such: † Greatest happiness for the greater number† Act and Rule Utilitarianism The principle of utility can either either be applied to PARTICULAR ACTIONS or GENERAL RULES. The former is called â€Å"act-utilitarianism† and the latter is called â€Å"rule-utilitarianism.†

Food and beverage studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food and beverage studies - Essay Example This part of the essay will discuss a complete meal experience, customer service, importance of embracing and relevant legislation for ASK restaurant based in Southend-on-Sea. Meal ExperienceThe restaurant is quite clean. Moreover, the staffs of the restaurants are friendly enough. The restaurant was visited by me on a weekend in last month. The restaurant does not have a lot of staffs comparing to another high street restaurant. The major objective of this investigation was to evaluate the meal experience including quality of foods and customer services. The restaurant is specialist in providing simple and traditional Italian foods. I tried all the three courses to measure the experience. The environment of the restaurant was calm and quiet on that particular day due to large space and limited number of staffs. First of all, all the staffs and executives welcomed me. They were very much warm and inviting. All the chefs and staffs were trying to provide effective service and follow u p the customers to meet the satisfaction level of the customers. After entering the restaurant, a staff guided me to take my seat. After one minute, a staff came to me and provided a glass of clean and mild drinking water. Slowly and gradually, he asked about the meal order. This gratitude pleased me as effective customer service can develop a potential customer base for a restaurant. However, I went for starter section. They have kept three separate menu cards for three courses. Various differentiated food items surprised me. I heard from my friend that, the preparation and taste of Bruschetta is quite awesome. It is traditional toasted Italian bread item with fresh basil, maintained tomato and Ricottas salata. The staff came back with my given order after five to seven minutes. The taste of the item justified my preference and expectation. After 2 minutes, the in-store manager came to me and asked about my opinion about Bruschetta. This service pleased me. After completion of my s tarter, the same staff asked about main course order. It is known to all that, Pasta is traditional Italian food. Moreover, the restaurant is specialist in providing different Pasta items. I gave an order of a Spaghetti Al Commodore. The ingredients of this item are fresh as garlic basil star enriched with tomato sauce, Santos tomatoes, covered with buffalo mozzarella and a slight drizzle of